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Here are all the summaries from the Lekarsky obzor journal for citations. Full journal will be available in a few months.
Dagmar MOZOLOVÁ, Jozef ROVENSKÝ, Marián BERNADIČ: Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus
SUMMARY
The main goal of this paper is to summarise clinical knowledges, laboratory results and properties of autoantibodies of systemic lupus erythematosus and its features in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. The differentiation between adult and juvenile SLE its not easy. This paper presents over 40 years of clinical experients of first author in pediatric rheumatology. Paper brings clinical characteristics of 32 child patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Authors discussed possibilities of differential diagnostics, therapy and perspectives in this field of medicine. Three case reports with own original pictures and clinical documentation are published as a part of this paper.
Key words: systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus, autoantibodies, neonatal lupus erythematosus, diagnostics.
Lek Obzor (Med Horizon), 2019, 68 (2): 43 – 54
Jozef BARINKA, Miroslav KILIAN, Radoslav ZAMBORSKÝ, Roman VAHOVSKÝ: Perilunate dislocation and fracture-dislocation of the wrist: comparison of K-wire only fixation versus K-wire fixation with intercarpal ligament repair
SUMMARY
Introduction. Perilunate dislocation and fracture dislocation of the wist are severe injuries, and their inadequate treatment can lead to bad functional results. Our retrospective study aimed to compare two surgical technique.
Methods. We performed a retrospective study of 21 patients diagnosed with a perilunate dislocation and fracture-dislocation of the wrist, who underwent surgical treatment from 2014 to 2016. All patients were male with average age 33.4 ± 11.6 (18 ‒ 59) years. A mean follow-up was 18 months. Nine patients (group A) were treated by open reduction and K-wire transfixation while twelve patients (group B) underwent open reduction, K-wire transfixation and primary repair of the intercarpal ligaments. We reviewed wrist motion, Mayo wrist score, and complications. Results were compared via the Student's t-test.
Results. In group A, a mean dorsal flexion was 34.4 ± 23° (5 ‒ 50°), volar flexion 36.2 ± 25° (5 ‒ 65°), radiál duction 12.5 ± 7° (0 ‒ 15°). Rotations were full in all except one patient who had a deficit of 45°. In group B, a mean dorsal flexion was 60.5 ± 18° (35 ‒ 85°), volar flexion 50.5 ± 11° (35 ‒ 75°), radial duction 15.8 ± 3° (12 ‒ 20°). Rotations were full in all except one patient who had a deficit of 40°.
After evaluation, the t-test was statistically significant in the case of dorsal flexion (p = 0.0154). In group A, a mean mayo wrist score was 61 ± 20 (10 ‒ 70) points. In Group B was 80 ± 11 (65 ‒ 100) points, respectively. Statistically better results were in group B (p = 0.036). Postoperative instability was noted in 5 cases, scaphoid non-union in one case.
Conclusion. After comparing the groups mentioned above, an open reduction, transfixation with K-wires and primary repair of ligaments led to better dorsal flexion than in patients without repair of ligaments.
Key words: perilunate dislocation, fracture dislocation of the wrist, injury of the wrist, fractures of the scaphoid bone.
Lek Obzor (Med Horizon), 2019, 68 (2): 55 ‒ 58
Oleksandr DOBROVANOV, Karol KRÁLINSKÝ: The role of prenatal diagnostics in the identification congenital malformations of urogenital system in Slovakia
SUMMARY
Background: The primary goal of neonatal screening of congenital kidney malformations is also to find malformations that need to be resolved in neonatal or early infancy period. Diagnosis of congenital kidney malformations will shift to prenatal and early postnatal diagnosis. In newborns in Slovakia, congenital kidney malformations are partially diagnosed with prenatal screening. Early postnatal ultrasound screening is currently performed at all neonatal departments. The effectiveness of early postnatal screening is proven by many studies. The share of prenatal diagnostics for the diagnosis of congenital kidney malformations in the Slovak Republic has not yet been studied in more detail. The aim of our effort was to retrospectively detect the part of prenatal diagnostics in the diagnosis of congenital kidney malformations in Slovakia over the last years.
Patients and methods: In cooperation with the National Center for Medical Information in Slovakia, we have obtained statistical data of the part of prenatal diagnostics in the diagnosis of congenital malformations of the urinary system for the years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2008 and for the years 2013 – 2016. Data for selected years were selected and provided from the National Registry of Congenital malformations.
Results: In selected years, we have found that the percentage of prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations of the urinary system has increased from 13.3 % in 1995 to 29.1 % in recent years. There are some problems in the evidence of congenital malformations, especially the combined ones.
Conclusion: Prenatal diagnosis in Slovakia currently diagnosed only a quarter of congenital malformations of the urinary system. This suggesting that prenatal diagnostics in Slovakia are still not sufficiently developed. On the basis of the processed data, we find that the real and greatest advantage of prenatal diagnosis of congenital kidney malformations is the possibility of early postnatal diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Key words: kidney, postnatal diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis, screening, Slovakia,
sonography.
Lek Obzor (Med Horizon, 2019, 68 (2): 59 – 62
Martina ZAVACKÁ, Jana POBEHOVÁ, Peter ZAVACKÝ, Mária MAJERNÍKOVÁ: Angio-surgery management of patients for to a long-term dializing program
SUMMARY
The most common diagnosis that leads to kidney failure is diabetic nephropathy. Research was retrospective and observational; consisted of an epidemiological cohort in treatment with an extra-tertiary elimination method within 18 FMC dialysis centers in Slovakia. The inclusion criterion was 18 years of age and included in the long-term dialysis program. Patients dialyzed via the arterio-venous clutch have a 43 % higher chance of survival a year after inclusion in regular dialysis treatment, regardless of age, gender, nutritional status, time spent on dialysis, compared to central venous catheter responders. Functional arterio-venous fistula is a significant predictor of survival in the hemodialysed population, independently of socio-demographic parameters and severe co-morbidities.
Key words: arterio-venous fistula, permanent catheter, dialysis program, dialysis approach.
Lek Obzor (Med Horizon), 2019, 68 (2): 63 ‒ 66
Helena GBELCOVÁ, Tereza TUHÁRSKA, Daniel BÖHMER: CRISPR/Cas – The Reserve Medical Specialist
SUMMARY
CRISPR/Cas is a naturally occurring adaptive two-component immune system of prokaryotic organisms ensuring their resistance to foreign genetic elements. With the discovery of this system the new possibilities of treatment of oncological, infectious and monogenic inherited disorders are also emerging. The prepared review describes the structure of the CRISPR/Cas system, the mechanism of its action and the possibilities of its use in the medical practice. It is also suggestive of the ethical and safety issues that are related to the use of the CRISPR/Cas system.
Key words: CRISP/Cas, genome editing, gene drive, mutagenic chain reaction, antibiotics, antivirotics, antiparasitics, chemoterapeutics.
Lek Obzor (Med Horizon), 2019, 68 (2): 67 – 72
Viliam MOJTO, Anežka CHLÁDEKOVÁ, Mária KOMLÓSI, Gabriela TIMÁROVÁ: Diabetic neuropathy
SUMMARY
Diabetic neuropathy is a term often used for the complex group of clinical syndromes based on diffuse or focal peripheral somatic or autonomic nerve damage due to metabolic disorder caused by diabetes mellitus, while other causes of neuropathy are excluded. The occurrence depends on the length of diabetes and its long-term metabolic control. The importance of correct and early diagnosis of autonomic neuropathy is outpointed in this article. We also provide closer look on etiopathogenesis, classification, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of diabetic neuropathy and its complications.
Key words: diabetic neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, diagnostic, clasification and treatment of neuropathy.
Lek Obzor (Med Horizon), 2019, 68 (2): 73 – 77
