Abstract
Introduction. The development of molecular genetics is also changing the view on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of serious oncological diseases.
Material and methods: The authors processed the latest data from scientific and professional literature and evaluated the current recommendations in the field. They incorporated the latest knowledge into the algorithm of current knowledge.

The results: Three pathways of carcinogenesis are currently identified: chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, and CpG islet methylation. The most common are somatic mutations in the APC, RAS group, PI3K and TP53 tumor suppressor genes. Mutations in the APC gene cause translocation of betacatein into the cell nucleus, leading to changes in the level of transcription, thereby triggering tumorigenesis. With microsatellite instability, the ability to repair short DNA strands is significantly reduced. In a phenotype with CpG methylation present, loss of expression of mismatch repair genes can cause changes in promoter region methylation or germline mutations (eg in Lynch sy).
Conclusion: Based on new knowledge, we can divide KRK into 5 molecular subtypes, which are referred to as Type 1-5. A closer specification of these types determines not only the prognosis but also treatment options and expands the possibilities of diagnosis (Ref. 13). Text in PDF www.lekarskyobzor.sk.
KEY WORDS: colorectal carcinoma, adenoma, tumor suppressor gene, APC, RAS group, PI3K, TP53, carcinogenesis, tumorigenesis.
Lek Obz 2022, 71 (6-7): s. 270-272

Michal BERNADIČ 1, Marián BERNADIČ 2

1 Klinika chirurgickej onkológie NOÚ a SZU, Bratislava, prednosta prof. MUDr. D. Pinďák, PhD.
2 Ústav patologickej fyziológie LF UK, Bratislava, prednosta prof. MUDr. F. Šimko, CSc., FESC

Cite:

BERNADIČ M., BERNADIČ M.: Current issues in the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer. Lek Obz 2022, 71 (6-7): s. 270-272